SAS Output

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Candisc - default options

Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Observations	100	DF Total	99
Variables	12	DF Within Classes	97
Classes	3	DF Between Classes	2

Class Level Information
type	Variable Name	Frequency	Weight	Proportion
Binge	Binge	33	33.0000	0.330000
Control	Control	48	48.0000	0.480000
Steady	Steady	19	19.0000	0.190000

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Candisc - default options

Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Multivariate Statistics and F Approximations
S=2 M=4.5 N=42
Statistic	Value	F Value	Num DF	Den DF	Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda	0.22283947	8.02	24	172	<.0001
Pillai's Trace	1.03412267	7.76	24	174	<.0001
Hotelling-Lawley Trace	2.33440867	8.28	24	144.92	<.0001
Roy's Greatest Root	1.62463115	11.78	12	87	<.0001
NOTE: F Statistic for Roy's Greatest Root is an upper bound.
NOTE: F Statistic for Wilks' Lambda is exact.

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Candisc - default options

Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

	Canonical Correlation	Adjusted Canonical Correlation	Approximate Standard Error	Squared Canonical Correlation	Eigenvalues of Inv(E)*H = CanRsq/(1-CanRsq)				Test of H0: The canonical correlations in the current row and all that follow are zero
	Canonical Correlation	Adjusted Canonical Correlation	Approximate Standard Error	Squared Canonical Correlation	Eigenvalue	Difference	Proportion	Cumulative	Likelihood Ratio	Approximate F Value	Num DF	Den DF	Pr > F
1	0.786762	0.755131	0.038293	0.618994	1.6246	0.9149	0.6959	0.6959	0.22283947	8.02	24	172	<.0001
2	0.644305	0.607476	0.058782	0.415129	0.7098		0.3041	1.0000	0.58487142	5.61	11	87	<.0001

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Candisc - default options

Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Total Canonical Structure
Variable	Can1	Can2
dsm1	-0.104959	0.883139
dsm2	-0.130310	0.771425
dsm3	0.012647	0.706136
dsm4	0.966578	0.155140
dsm5	0.114538	0.011325
dsm6	0.218150	-0.047926
dsm7	0.067765	-0.082651
dsm8	0.786913	-0.120752
dsm9	-0.173155	0.806900
dsm10	0.726576	0.061913
dsm11	0.149955	-0.124164
dsm12	0.751927	0.173628

Between Canonical Structure
Variable	Can1	Can2
dsm1	-0.143621	0.989633
dsm2	-0.202018	0.979382
dsm3	0.021866	0.999761
dsm4	0.991472	0.130321
dsm5	0.996738	0.080709
dsm6	0.984198	-0.177070
dsm7	0.707520	-0.706693
dsm8	0.992196	-0.124685
dsm9	-0.253481	0.967340
dsm10	0.997574	0.069614
dsm11	0.827663	-0.561226
dsm12	0.982586	0.185807

Pooled Within Canonical Structure
Variable	Can1	Can2
dsm1	-0.079185	0.825494
dsm2	-0.093349	0.684685
dsm3	0.008767	0.606468
dsm4	0.929851	0.184911
dsm5	0.070990	0.008697
dsm6	0.136750	-0.037223
dsm7	0.041948	-0.063389
dsm8	0.621581	-0.118176
dsm9	-0.126741	0.731758
dsm10	0.547243	0.057776
dsm11	0.093516	-0.095937
dsm12	0.581297	0.166305

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Candisc - default options

Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using DSM IV Items

The CANDISC Procedure

Total-Sample Standardized Canonical Coefficients
Variable	Can1	Can2
dsm1	-0.588914684	0.738446884
dsm2	0.289005550	0.132345075
dsm3	0.124911015	-0.077526194
dsm4	1.553115936	0.480518256
dsm5	0.215763165	0.254302063
dsm6	0.043031944	-0.076191207
dsm7	-0.205764414	-0.151074644
dsm8	0.128692189	-0.912529408
dsm9	-0.026719098	0.403795951
dsm10	0.057461067	0.174112395
dsm11	-0.032670157	0.079537705
dsm12	-0.114665563	0.370479761

Pooled Within-Class Standardized Canonical Coefficients
Variable	Can1	Can2
dsm1	-0.486776415	0.610374537
dsm2	0.251576944	0.115205294
dsm3	0.112368187	-0.069741471
dsm4	1.006758447	0.311480812
dsm5	0.217083499	0.255858231
dsm6	0.042807167	-0.075793224
dsm7	-0.207283842	-0.152190226
dsm8	0.101596478	-0.720399386
dsm9	-0.022763336	0.344013962
dsm10	0.047574238	0.144154380
dsm11	-0.032668207	0.079532958
dsm12	-0.092492864	0.298840674

Raw Canonical Coefficients
Variable	Can1	Can2
dsm1	-0.414338207	0.519543436
dsm2	0.203333428	0.093113014
dsm3	0.087882689	-0.054544512
dsm4	1.092713919	0.338074560
dsm5	0.151802842	0.178917361
dsm6	0.030275656	-0.053605265
dsm7	-0.144768097	-0.106290433
dsm8	0.090542981	-0.642021348
dsm9	-0.018798552	0.284095634
dsm10	0.040427444	0.122498928
dsm11	-0.022985493	0.055959736
dsm12	-0.080674374	0.260655616

Class Means on Canonical Variables
type	Can1	Can2
Binge	1.770181344	0.169802865
Control	-0.733300659	-0.714794789
Steady	-1.221976459	1.510876596

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations	100	DF Total	99
Variables	12	DF Within Classes	97
Classes	3	DF Between Classes	2

Class Level Information
type	Variable Name	Frequency	Weight	Proportion	Prior Probability
Binge	Binge	33	33.0000	0.330000	0.330000
Control	Control	48	48.0000	0.480000	0.480000
Steady	Steady	19	19.0000	0.190000	0.190000

Pooled Covariance Matrix Information
Covariance Matrix Rank	Natural Log of the Determinant of the Covariance Matrix
12	-1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type	Binge	Control	Steady
Binge	2.21733	8.51787	14.07295
Control	9.26726	1.46794	8.51388
Steady	12.96881	6.66036	3.32146

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Univariate Test Statistics
F Statistics, Num DF=2, Den DF=97
Variable	Total Standard Deviation	Pooled Standard Deviation	Between Standard Deviation	R-Square	R-Square / (1-RSq)	F Value	Pr > F
dsm1	1.4213	1.1748	0.9959	0.3306	0.4939	23.95	<.0001
dsm2	1.4213	1.2373	0.8790	0.2576	0.3469	16.82	<.0001
dsm3	1.4213	1.2786	0.7882	0.2071	0.2612	12.67	<.0001
dsm4	1.4213	0.9213	1.3285	0.5883	1.4290	69.30	<.0001
dsm5	1.4213	1.4300	0.1566	0.0082	0.0082	0.40	0.6716
dsm6	1.4213	1.4139	0.3020	0.0304	0.0314	1.52	0.2236
dsm7	1.4213	1.4318	0.1305	0.0057	0.0057	0.28	0.7587
dsm8	1.4213	1.1221	1.0808	0.3894	0.6376	30.92	<.0001
dsm9	1.4213	1.2109	0.9309	0.2888	0.4062	19.70	<.0001
dsm10	1.4213	1.1768	0.9925	0.3284	0.4889	23.71	<.0001
dsm11	1.4213	1.4213	0.2469	0.0203	0.0207	1.01	0.3695
dsm12	1.4213	1.1465	1.0428	0.3625	0.5686	27.58	<.0001

Average R-Square
Unweighted	0.2347647
Weighted by Variance	0.2347647

Linear Discriminant Function for type
Variable	Binge	Control	Steady
Constant	-13.19550	-4.91699	-10.65029
dsm1	-0.72609	-0.14839	1.21042
dsm2	0.87634	0.28493	0.39280
dsm3	0.43956	0.26780	0.10346
dsm4	3.89561	0.86096	1.07942
dsm5	1.06698	0.52868	0.85271
dsm6	0.38691	0.35853	0.22443
dsm7	0.07963	0.53608	0.37026
dsm8	-0.26089	0.08036	-1.39281
dsm9	1.21308	1.00883	1.65032
dsm10	0.42288	0.21331	0.46620
dsm11	0.68002	0.68806	0.82384
dsm12	0.46495	0.43634	1.05590

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Classification Results for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP

Resubstitution Results using Linear Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs	From type	Classified into type		Binge	Control	Steady
1	Steady	Steady		0.0061	0.4764	0.5175
2	Control	Control		0.0014	0.9061	0.0925
3	Binge	Binge		0.9945	0.0049	0.0006
4	Binge	Binge		0.5289	0.4708	0.0002
5	Control	Control		0.0003	0.9961	0.0036
6	Control	Control		0.1052	0.8781	0.0167
7	Control	Control		0.0020	0.9822	0.0158
8	Binge	Binge		0.9938	0.0046	0.0016
9	Control	Control		0.1495	0.5672	0.2833
10	Control	Control		0.0135	0.8317	0.1549
11	Control	Control		0.0006	0.7676	0.2318
12	Control	Steady	*	0.0088	0.2913	0.6998
13	Control	Binge	*	0.9610	0.0316	0.0074
14	Control	Control		0.0686	0.9299	0.0015
15	Steady	Steady		0.0002	0.0370	0.9627
16	Binge	Binge		0.9817	0.0183	0.0000
17	Binge	Binge		0.8265	0.0815	0.0920
18	Binge	Binge		0.8200	0.1513	0.0287
19	Control	Control		0.0856	0.8944	0.0200
20	Control	Control		0.0009	0.9474	0.0517
21	Control	Control		0.0924	0.7128	0.1948
22	Binge	Binge		0.9249	0.0750	0.0001
23	Control	Control		0.0010	0.9887	0.0102
24	Control	Control		0.0562	0.9423	0.0015
25	Steady	Steady		0.0024	0.0746	0.9230
26	Binge	Binge		0.9560	0.0433	0.0007
27	Control	Control		0.0001	0.9839	0.0160
28	Steady	Steady		0.0080	0.4701	0.5219
29	Steady	Steady		0.0029	0.1643	0.8328
30	Steady	Steady		0.0639	0.0851	0.8510
31	Control	Control		0.0003	0.9270	0.0727
32	Binge	Binge		0.8912	0.0094	0.0994
33	Steady	Steady		0.0540	0.0668	0.8792
34	Control	Control		0.0645	0.9023	0.0332
35	Control	Binge	*	0.7046	0.2932	0.0022
36	Control	Steady	*	0.0004	0.1315	0.8681
37	Control	Binge	*	0.7005	0.2088	0.0907
38	Steady	Steady		0.0037	0.0751	0.9212
39	Steady	Steady		0.0002	0.1441	0.8557
40	Steady	Steady		0.0350	0.1109	0.8541
41	Control	Binge	*	0.6535	0.3401	0.0063
42	Control	Control		0.0002	0.9961	0.0037
43	Control	Control		0.1006	0.8984	0.0011
44	Steady	Steady		0.1348	0.2608	0.6045
45	Control	Control		0.1462	0.8531	0.0007
46	Control	Control		0.0003	0.9621	0.0377
47	Steady	Steady		0.0001	0.1067	0.8932
48	Control	Binge	*	0.9159	0.0838	0.0002
49	Control	Control		0.0005	0.9915	0.0080
50	Steady	Steady		0.1651	0.1348	0.7001
51	Binge	Binge		0.9938	0.0062	0.0000
52	Control	Control		0.0007	0.9944	0.0049
53	Control	Control		0.0020	0.9891	0.0089
54	Control	Control		0.0102	0.9299	0.0599
55	Control	Control		0.0415	0.9502	0.0084
56	Control	Control		0.0016	0.9830	0.0154
57	Steady	Steady		0.0037	0.1869	0.8095
58	Steady	Steady		0.0017	0.0668	0.9315
59	Control	Control		0.0042	0.9917	0.0041
60	Control	Control		0.0761	0.8946	0.0294
61	Control	Control		0.0107	0.7528	0.2366
62	Control	Control		0.0004	0.9336	0.0661
63	Control	Control		0.3927	0.4165	0.1908
64	Control	Control		0.0004	0.9167	0.0829
65	Binge	Binge		0.8724	0.0405	0.0871
66	Binge	Binge		0.9298	0.0696	0.0007
67	Binge	Binge		0.9827	0.0173	0.0001
68	Steady	Control	*	0.0007	0.5066	0.4927
69	Binge	Binge		0.8256	0.0922	0.0823
70	Binge	Binge		0.9284	0.0683	0.0033
71	Binge	Binge		0.9715	0.0148	0.0137
72	Control	Binge	*	0.7705	0.2268	0.0028
73	Binge	Binge		0.8702	0.1290	0.0009
74	Steady	Steady		0.0526	0.2387	0.7087
75	Steady	Steady		0.0009	0.1251	0.8740
76	Binge	Binge		0.9463	0.0490	0.0047
77	Binge	Binge		0.9844	0.0076	0.0081
78	Binge	Binge		0.9884	0.0047	0.0069
79	Binge	Binge		0.9411	0.0090	0.0498
80	Control	Control		0.0006	0.9754	0.0240
81	Binge	Binge		0.6237	0.3676	0.0087
82	Binge	Binge		0.8751	0.1247	0.0002
83	Control	Control		0.0059	0.9824	0.0117
84	Binge	Binge		0.6979	0.2418	0.0604
85	Control	Binge	*	0.9179	0.0807	0.0014
86	Binge	Binge		0.9902	0.0083	0.0016
87	Control	Control		0.0589	0.9407	0.0004
88	Binge	Binge		0.9838	0.0159	0.0003
89	Steady	Steady		0.1750	0.1896	0.6354
90	Binge	Binge		0.7807	0.2182	0.0012
91	Binge	Binge		0.8259	0.1729	0.0012
92	Binge	Binge		0.6046	0.3918	0.0036
93	Control	Steady	*	0.0013	0.0456	0.9531
94	Control	Control		0.0648	0.9313	0.0040
95	Binge	Binge		0.9769	0.0224	0.0007
96	Control	Control		0.0179	0.8801	0.1020
97	Binge	Binge		0.9767	0.0225	0.0008
98	Binge	Binge		0.9337	0.0659	0.0003
99	Binge	Binge		0.9604	0.0036	0.0360
100	Control	Control		0.0879	0.9097	0.0024

* Misclassified observation

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - proportional priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP

Resubstitution Summary using Linear Discriminant Function

Binge

33

100.00

0

0.00

0

0.00

33

100.00

Control

7

14.58

38

79.17

3

6.25

48

100.00

Steady

0

0.00

1

5.26

18

94.74

19

100.00

Total

40

40.00

39

39.00

21

21.00

100

100.00

Priors

0.33

0.48

0.19

Error Count Estimates for type
	Binge	Control	Steady	Total
Rate	0.0000	0.2083	0.0526	0.1100
Priors	0.3300	0.4800	0.1900

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations	100	DF Total	99
Variables	12	DF Within Classes	97
Classes	3	DF Between Classes	2

Class Level Information
type	Variable Name	Frequency	Weight	Proportion	Prior Probability
Binge	Binge	33	33.0000	0.330000	0.333333
Control	Control	48	48.0000	0.480000	0.333333
Steady	Steady	19	19.0000	0.190000	0.333333

Pooled Covariance Matrix Information
Covariance Matrix Rank	Natural Log of the Determinant of the Covariance Matrix
12	-1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type	Binge	Control	Steady
Binge	0	7.04994	10.75149
Control	7.04994	0	5.19242
Steady	10.75149	5.19242	0

Linear Discriminant Function for type
Variable	Binge	Control	Steady
Constant	-12.08684	-4.18302	-8.98956
dsm1	-0.72609	-0.14839	1.21042
dsm2	0.87634	0.28493	0.39280
dsm3	0.43956	0.26780	0.10346
dsm4	3.89561	0.86096	1.07942
dsm5	1.06698	0.52868	0.85271
dsm6	0.38691	0.35853	0.22443
dsm7	0.07963	0.53608	0.37026
dsm8	-0.26089	0.08036	-1.39281
dsm9	1.21308	1.00883	1.65032
dsm10	0.42288	0.21331	0.46620
dsm11	0.68002	0.68806	0.82384
dsm12	0.46495	0.43634	1.05590

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Classification Results for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP

Resubstitution Results using Linear Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs	From type	Classified into type		Binge	Control	Steady
1	Steady	Steady		0.0049	0.2658	0.7293
2	Control	Control		0.0018	0.7936	0.2046
3	Binge	Binge		0.9956	0.0034	0.0010
4	Binge	Binge		0.6201	0.3795	0.0004
5	Control	Control		0.0004	0.9906	0.0090
6	Control	Control		0.1426	0.8180	0.0394
7	Control	Control		0.0028	0.9583	0.0389
8	Binge	Binge		0.9941	0.0032	0.0027
9	Control	Steady	*	0.1450	0.3780	0.4770
10	Control	Control		0.0158	0.6693	0.3149
11	Control	Control		0.0006	0.5669	0.4325
12	Control	Steady	*	0.0062	0.1406	0.8532
13	Control	Binge	*	0.9653	0.0219	0.0129
14	Control	Control		0.0965	0.8997	0.0038
15	Steady	Steady		0.0001	0.0150	0.9849
16	Binge	Binge		0.9873	0.0126	0.0001
17	Binge	Binge		0.7929	0.0538	0.1533
18	Binge	Binge		0.8420	0.1068	0.0512
19	Control	Control		0.1164	0.8364	0.0472
20	Control	Control		0.0012	0.8777	0.1211
21	Control	Control		0.1003	0.5323	0.3674
22	Binge	Binge		0.9470	0.0528	0.0002
23	Control	Control		0.0015	0.9731	0.0254
24	Control	Control		0.0795	0.9169	0.0036
25	Steady	Steady		0.0014	0.0310	0.9676
26	Binge	Binge		0.9687	0.0301	0.0012
27	Control	Control		0.0002	0.9604	0.0395
28	Steady	Steady		0.0065	0.2611	0.7324
29	Steady	Steady		0.0018	0.0723	0.9259
30	Steady	Steady		0.0399	0.0366	0.9235
31	Control	Control		0.0004	0.8343	0.1653
32	Binge	Binge		0.8327	0.0060	0.1613
33	Steady	Steady		0.0332	0.0282	0.9386
34	Control	Control		0.0869	0.8355	0.0776
35	Control	Binge	*	0.7743	0.2215	0.0042
36	Control	Steady	*	0.0003	0.0565	0.9432
37	Control	Binge	*	0.6994	0.1433	0.1573
38	Steady	Steady		0.0022	0.0312	0.9666
39	Steady	Steady		0.0001	0.0625	0.9374
40	Steady	Steady		0.0219	0.0478	0.9303
41	Control	Binge	*	0.7275	0.2603	0.0122
42	Control	Control		0.0003	0.9904	0.0092
43	Control	Control		0.1397	0.8578	0.0025
44	Steady	Steady		0.0988	0.1315	0.7697
45	Control	Control		0.1992	0.7991	0.0017
46	Control	Control		0.0004	0.9097	0.0899
47	Steady	Steady		0.0001	0.0451	0.9548
48	Control	Binge	*	0.9404	0.0592	0.0004
49	Control	Control		0.0007	0.9793	0.0201
50	Steady	Steady		0.1120	0.0629	0.8251
51	Binge	Binge		0.9957	0.0042	0.0001
52	Control	Control		0.0010	0.9867	0.0123
53	Control	Control		0.0029	0.9750	0.0220
54	Control	Control		0.0136	0.8484	0.1380
55	Control	Control		0.0585	0.9211	0.0205
56	Control	Control		0.0023	0.9597	0.0381
57	Steady	Steady		0.0024	0.0835	0.9141
58	Steady	Steady		0.0010	0.0276	0.9714
59	Control	Control		0.0060	0.9838	0.0102
60	Control	Control		0.1025	0.8288	0.0687
61	Control	Control		0.0114	0.5511	0.4375
62	Control	Control		0.0005	0.8479	0.1516
63	Control	Binge	*	0.3886	0.2834	0.3280
64	Control	Control		0.0005	0.8136	0.1859
65	Binge	Binge		0.8296	0.0265	0.1439
66	Binge	Binge		0.9500	0.0489	0.0012
67	Binge	Binge		0.9879	0.0119	0.0001
68	Steady	Steady		0.0006	0.2891	0.7103
69	Binge	Binge		0.8001	0.0614	0.1385
70	Binge	Binge		0.9463	0.0478	0.0058
71	Binge	Binge		0.9662	0.0101	0.0237
72	Control	Binge	*	0.8274	0.1674	0.0052
73	Binge	Binge		0.9061	0.0923	0.0016
74	Steady	Steady		0.0363	0.1134	0.8503
75	Steady	Steady		0.0006	0.0536	0.9458
76	Binge	Binge		0.9577	0.0341	0.0082
77	Binge	Binge		0.9809	0.0052	0.0140
78	Binge	Binge		0.9848	0.0032	0.0120
79	Binge	Binge		0.9103	0.0060	0.0837
80	Control	Control		0.0009	0.9406	0.0586
81	Binge	Binge		0.6996	0.2835	0.0170
82	Binge	Binge		0.9105	0.0892	0.0003
83	Control	Control		0.0084	0.9627	0.0289
84	Binge	Binge		0.7202	0.1715	0.1082
85	Control	Binge	*	0.9407	0.0569	0.0025
86	Binge	Binge		0.9916	0.0057	0.0027
87	Control	Control		0.0834	0.9155	0.0011
88	Binge	Binge		0.9886	0.0110	0.0005
89	Steady	Steady		0.1242	0.0925	0.7833
90	Binge	Binge		0.8370	0.1608	0.0022
91	Binge	Binge		0.8723	0.1255	0.0022
92	Binge	Binge		0.6868	0.3060	0.0072
93	Control	Steady	*	0.0008	0.0186	0.9807
94	Control	Control		0.0910	0.8994	0.0096
95	Binge	Binge		0.9833	0.0155	0.0012
96	Control	Control		0.0224	0.7562	0.2214
97	Binge	Binge		0.9830	0.0156	0.0014
98	Binge	Binge		0.9531	0.0463	0.0006
99	Binge	Binge		0.9366	0.0024	0.0610
100	Control	Control		0.1225	0.8717	0.0059

* Misclassified observation

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - equal priors

The DISCRIM Procedure

Classification Summary for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP

Resubstitution Summary using Linear Discriminant Function

Binge

33

100.00

0

0.00

0

0.00

33

100.00

Control

8

16.67

36

75.00

4

8.33

48

100.00

Steady

0

0.00

0

0.00

19

100.00

19

100.00

Total

41

41.00

36

36.00

23

23.00

100

100.00

Priors

0.33333

Error Count Estimates for type
	Binge	Control	Steady	Total
Rate	0.0000	0.2500	0.0000	0.0833
Priors	0.3333	0.3333	0.3333

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure

Observations	100	DF Total	99
Variables	12	DF Within Classes	97
Classes	3	DF Between Classes	2

Class Level Information
type	Variable Name	Frequency	Weight	Proportion	Prior Probability
Binge	Binge	33	33.0000	0.330000	0.400000
Control	Control	48	48.0000	0.480000	0.200000
Steady	Steady	19	19.0000	0.190000	0.400000

Pooled Covariance Matrix Information
Covariance Matrix Rank	Natural Log of the Determinant of the Covariance Matrix
12	-1.27952

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure

Generalized Squared Distance to type
From type	Binge	Control	Steady
Binge	1.83258	10.26881	12.58407
Control	8.88252	3.21888	7.02500
Steady	12.58407	8.41129	1.83258

Linear Discriminant Function for type
Variable	Binge	Control	Steady
Constant	-13.00313	-5.79245	-9.90585
dsm1	-0.72609	-0.14839	1.21042
dsm2	0.87634	0.28493	0.39280
dsm3	0.43956	0.26780	0.10346
dsm4	3.89561	0.86096	1.07942
dsm5	1.06698	0.52868	0.85271
dsm6	0.38691	0.35853	0.22443
dsm7	0.07963	0.53608	0.37026
dsm8	-0.26089	0.08036	-1.39281
dsm9	1.21308	1.00883	1.65032
dsm10	0.42288	0.21331	0.46620
dsm11	0.68002	0.68806	0.82384
dsm12	0.46495	0.43634	1.05590

Discriminant Analysis of pathological gambling.

PROC Discrim - priors set 0.4, 0.4, 0.2

The DISCRIM Procedure

Classification Results for Calibration Data: AMUL.GAMBLEGRP

Resubstitution Results using Linear Discriminant Function

Posterior Probability of Membership in type
Obs	From type	Classified into type	Binge	Control	Steady
1	Steady	Steady	0.0057	0.1533	0.8410
2	Control	Control	0.0029	0.6579	0.3392
3	Binge	Binge	0.9973	0.0017	0.0010
4	Binge	Binge	0.7653	0.2342	0.0005
5	Control	Control	0.0009	0.9813	0.0179
6	Control	Control	0.2412	0.6921	0.0667
7	Control	Control	0.0053	0.9199